Monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody preparation derived from a single B-cell clone or engineered to recognize one defined antigenic determinant with high specificity.
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an antibody preparation derived from a single B-cell clone or engineered to recognize one defined antigenic determinant with high specificity. Most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are based on immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules and contain antigen-binding Fab regions and an Fc region that can interact with immune effector systems. Their selectivity enables blockade of soluble mediators or receptors, neutralization of toxins and viruses, depletion or activation of defined cell populations, and delivery of cytotoxic agents through antibody–drug conjugates.
Monoclonal antibodies are used in oncology, autoimmune and inflammatory disease, infectious disease, transplantation, and diagnostic medicine. Their mechanisms may include ligand or receptor neutralization, inhibition of Signaling pathways, immune-cell recruitment, complement activation, or alteration of receptor-mediated cell survival. Antibody specificity is also exploited in immunohistochemistry and other laboratory assays. Therapeutic formats include fully human, humanized, Fc-modified, Fc-silent, bispecific, multispecific, and antibody-fragment products. Examples of their application include targeting tumor-associated antigens such as B7-H3, blocking inflammatory cytokines, and neutralizing pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2; nirsevimab is an example of a monoclonal antibody developed for prevention of viral infection. Manufacturing and quality control must address attributes such as affinity, aggregation, glycosylation, stability, biological activity, and immunogenicity.
- A hospital-based HTA model to assess the economic and organizational impact of intravenous-to-subcutaneous monoclonal antibody transitions in oncology. PMID 42750487
Where the papers sit
23 papers study monoclonal antibody directly. Those 23 do not group into themes. Antibody work here spans clinical delivery, vaccine acceptance, viral neutralization, allergy, drug conjugates and sequence-based design. No common direction links these topics. They are no more alike than papers drawn from anywhere in the corpus. 2 new directions follow.
An anti-OXA23 monoclonal antibody can function as an antibiotic-resensitizing adjunct rather than as a stand-alone antimicrobial
The C32 antibody targeting OXA23 in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was used to neutralize the resistance enzyme and restore meropenem susceptibility, reducing the meropenem MIC in a co-culture model 42376991Jun. The assumption reflected elsewhere in the set is that a monoclonal antibody acts by directly neutralizing a pathogen, blocking a host or tumour target, or delivering a cytotoxic payload; here, its role is instead to disable an acquired resistance mechanism so that an existing antibiotic becomes effective again. This changes the antibody from the primary targeted treatment into an adjunct that reopens an established antibacterial therapy.
A compact monoclonal-antibody domain can serve as a broadly reactive point-of-care venom diagnostic
The E1 VL domain antibody against cobra cytotoxin-II and related Naja venoms was developed for genus-specific recognition and regional point-of-care diagnostics 42162763May. Whereas the other papers use monoclonal antibodies chiefly as therapeutic agents, payload-bearing targeting molecules, neutralizing reagents, or analytical subjects, this study assigns the antibody itself a diagnostic role and finds that a standalone light-chain domain is preferable to the larger scFv because it preserves solubility and expression while accessing compact toxin epitopes. This extends monoclonal-antibody use from treatment and molecular characterization to a small, stable field-detection reagent.
Recent Findings on monoclonal antibody
Broad Antibody Applications: Monoclonal antibodies now support targeted treatment, neutralization, allergy control, diagnostics, and precision delivery across oncology, inflammatory disease, infection, and vaccine programs 42365672Jun42376991Jun42677844Sep42162763May. Duvakitug improved endoscopic response in Crohn's disease and clinical remission in ulcerative colitis, while secukinumab increased sustained remission and reduced glucocorticoid exposure in polymyalgia rheumatica 42462749Jul42462750Jul42234540Jun. Stapokibart also produced rapid, durable symptom control in seasonal allergic rhinitis, but real-world evidence remains limited to a small observational series 42621997Aug. Antibody-drug conjugates and delivery systems are moving toward higher payload precision and longer exposure, although SHR-A2102 produced frequent grade 3–4 adverse events, whereas site-specific conjugation and thermoresponsive hydrogels preserved targeting, structure, and biological activity in preclinical studies 42636836Aug42619102Aug42365672Jun42379548Jun. Results remain context-dependent: intravenous-to-subcutaneous transitions increased capacity but produced different budget impacts, and antibody formats, formulation water content, pharmacokinetics, and patient information-seeking can alter practical performance 42750487Sep42504521Jul42013633Apr42714313Sep. Sequence-based design, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, rapid quality monitoring, conserved epitope mapping, and neutralization of OXA23 or α-Gal point toward more individualized antibody engineering and deployment 42665538Aug42527729Jul42429162Jul42726283Sep42376991Jun42677844Sep.
Written from 23 PubMed abstracts, each one cited by PMID above. Published: 2026-08-20. Last written: 2026-09-19 by GPT. Drafted by language models from published abstracts; not medical advice.